International Journal of Scientific Reports

Reported high in hospital mortality among adult tuberculosis patients admitted to university of Gondar hospital, North-West Ethiopia

Sead Hassen Abegaz — 2023-03-24

Background: Due to a single infectious pathogen, tuberculosis (TB) is the world's second-greatest cause of mortality. The majority of TB deaths happen during the intensive phase of treatment. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence and predictors of in-hospital mortality in adult TB patients.

Method: A 4 year retrospective follow-up study was conducted among 200 admitted adult TB patients at the university of Gondar hospital from September 1, 2017 to September 30, 202l. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HR). The Kaplan-Meier method was used to compute survival rates. Cox regression models were used to determine the predictors of mortality.

Results: This study enrolled 200 adult TB patients. Among these 60 (30%) died, 140 (70%) censored with overall incidence of death rate of 165 (95 percent CI: 128, 213)/10,000 days of observation. A multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed that patients with a low WBC count at baseline (AHR=3.16, 95% CI: 1.55, 6.41) and bedridden patients (AHR=3.49, 95% CI: 1.83, 6.66) independent predictors of in-hospital mortality among adult TB patients.

Conclusions: This retrospective study found that hospital mortality among adult TB patients is high in public hospitals in northwest Ethiopia. Patients with a low WBC count and who were bedridden at the time of presentation were independent predictors of in-hospital mortality.

Phytochemical investigation and exploration of the central nervous system depressant activity of ethanolic extract of the flowers of Jasminum grandiflorum L. as folklore medicine in Swiss albino mice

Irshad Khan — 2023-03-24

Background: In Indian traditional medicine, the flowers of Jasminum grandiflorum L. (Oleaceae) are claimed to possess powerful central nervous system (CNS) depressant activity. Despite these traditional claims, no in-depth scientific study has been performed on the CNS depressant activity of the flowers of J. grandiflorum. Therefore, the present study was aimed at evaluating the CNS depressant activity of an ethanolic extract of the flowers of J. grandiflorum in Swiss albino mice.

Methods: Acute oral toxicity tests were done at doses of 550, 1750, and 5000 mg/kg. The extract was also subjected to phytochemical tests and TLC tests. The CNS depressant activity of the EEJG was evaluated by various models, such as the forced swimming test, tail suspension test, thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time test, locomotor activity test, and muscle co-ordination test, at two different doses (500 and 1000 mg/kg) in Swiss albino mice. Diazepam (1 mg/kg) was used as a standard drug.

Results: In acute oral toxicity studies, the extract was found to be safe up to a dose level of 5000 mg/kg body weight. EEJG at both doses (500 and 1000 mg/kg) showed significantly (p<0.05, p<0.01) increase in immobility time in the forced swimming test and tail suspension test. In the thiopental-induced sleeping time test, EEJG at 1000 mg/kg showed a significant (p<0.05) effect on the onset of action time and also significantly (p<0.01) increase the duration of sleeping time. EEJG at 1000 mg/kg showed a significant (p<0.01) decrease in locomotor activity, and the EEJG at both doses (500 and 1000 mg/kg) showed a significantly (p<0.05, p<0.01) decreased in muscle co-ordination activity when compared to control group.

Conclusions: The present study confirms the significant CNS depressant activity of the ethanolic extract of the flowers of J. grandiflorum, which may be due to flavonoids and steroids present in the extract as phytoconstituents confirmed by TLC. This study supports the plant's traditional use as a CNS depressant.

Development of an android-based journaling and mood tracking mobile application for improving mental health using firebase application programming interface

Christopher Russel — 2023-03-24

The mental health of an individual is a critical aspect of overall well-being and has a significant impact on daily life and relationships. Despite the increasing prevalence of mental health disorders, access to mental health care remains a challenge, especially in low and middle-income countries. The use of mobile apps has the potential to improve access to mental health care and promote self-awareness and well-being. The study aims to design a mental health application that incorporates journaling and mood tracking to promote mindfulness and encourage individuals to regularly reflect on their experiences and emotions. The application is built on the firebase platform and utilizes three key components: firebase storage, firestore database, and firebase authentication. The application also employs two native device features, camera and storage, for capturing profile pictures and cover images. The study provides a comprehensive solution for user management and the delivery of mental health support services.

The Iliopsoas muscle abscess and Proteus mirabilis caused sepsis: a case report

Katrīna Jekaterina Moskaļenko — 2023-03-07

Musculus psoas abscess (MPA) is a relatively uncommon and potentially life-threatening infection. Diagnostics of MPA are challenging due to nonspecific clinical presentation and insidious onset. We present an 85-year-old patient with iliopsoas abscess and sepsis, who was admitted to an emergency department with fever, fatigue, anorexia, tenderness and limited range of motion in her right hip. Upon further diagnostics, it was discovered, that the bacterial cause of infection was Proteus mirabilis, which is a highly unusual finding. The case illustrates the difficulty of diagnosing MPA and discusses the possible origins of the primary infection.

Story of a cancer fighter: a case of carcinoma larynx with synchronous carcinoma bladder

Ali Asgar Chowdhury — 2023-03-18

Cancer is a leading cause of death globally, and even in cases where the cancer patient stays alive, a normal lifestyle is rarely possible for them. This is even more true for cases of recurrent cancer, where the patients have to go through severe mental pressure from facing possible death multiple times. Various treatment methods are still being discovered and tried for the treatment of recurrent cancer, so that patients can lead a normal life without the fear of recurrence of cancer looming over their head. The present study was conducted with the report of such a case.

Miraculous life-saving role of patent foramen ovale: a case report

Kirils Jeršovs — 2023-03-18

Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a relatively uncommon anatomical variant that predisposes patients to several complications, such as atrial septal aneurysm, thromboembolism, stroke, platypnea-orthodeoxia, and paradoxical embolism. Despite this, in rare cases, PFO can be a life-saving factor. We present a 72-year-old man with a PFO and fulfilled Virchov’s triad after being stationary, dehydrated, and suffering from chronic venous insufficiency. A subsequent transesophageal echocardiogram revealed a large thrombus (approx. 20 cm in length) dwelling in the PFO in between both atria. In this case, PFO effectively saved the patient from such complications as pulmonary embolism and paradoxical embolism.